Making some acknowledgement of other factors, he allowed that other law-breakers were simply occasional, circumstantial offenders and did not have the atavistic characteristics of the born criminal. However, R B Cairns, D J McCombie & K E Hood (1983) found that selectively-bred highly aggressive males and female mice showed this aggression more in middle age than when they were young or old. However, he did not compare them to a non-criminal control group, so he cannot confidently say these features are inherent only in criminals. ___ neurones are associated with empathy. Concordance rates refer to the probability of both twins sharing the same trait. Moffitt suggested that environmental, biological and, perhaps, genetic factors could cause a person to fall into one of the paths. Method. Saul Mcleod, PhD Lombroso's (1876) biological theory of criminology suggests that criminality is inherited and that someone "born criminal" could be identified by the way they look. Furthermore, one study found that iron deficiency was nearly twice as prevalent in a group of incarcerated adolescents as among their non- incarcerated peers ( ). Epigenetics . Course-focused and comprehensive, the Textbook on series provides an accessible overview of the key areas on the law curriculum. David Egger & John Flynn (1963) found that stimulating one part of the amygdala made cats aggressive while stimulating another part decreased aggressive behaviour. Two genes linked with violent crime - BBC News However, a counter argument is that the prisoners more muscular bodies may have developed from the hard manual labour as part of the prisons work regimes. Interesingly tly Cases et al found that disabling the MAOA gene on the X chromosome of XY male mice made them highly aggressive as per the warrior gene effect. What twin study investigated the heritability of offending behaviour? Kirsti Lagerspetz (1979) demonstrated this in mice which she selectively bred over 25 generations.

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