In the last six years alone, at least 26 African countries have experienced transfers of power. [1] Popularly elected means that the head of state is directly elected by the citizens or elected by an assembly which then elects them (an example being the electoral college in the United States). These nationalist movements supported non-alignment, keeping most Middle Eastern dictatorships out of the American and Soviet spheres of influence. After the recent death of Idriss Deby in April 2021, his son Mahamat Deby took over. [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. The deadliest dictatorships are discussed below. In a dictatorial government, power rests with one supreme ruler. 10. On a similar note, a dictatorship's regular citizens have no voice in most matters. [1]:70. This article focuses on the five communist countries that are still adherent to Marxism-Leninism. Parliamentary democracy is the same as semi-presidential but has heads of state which are not popularly elected for a fixed term, typically either monarchs or officials not chosen by popular elections. [35][36] These dictatorships often emerge either from loosely organized seizures of power, giving the leader opportunity to consolidate power, or from democratically elected leaders in countries with weak institutions, giving the leader opportunity to change the constitution. Poverty has a destabilizing effect on government, causing democracy to fail and regimes to fall more often. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Dictatorships frequently hold elections in order to establish their legitimacy or provide incentives to members of the ruling party, but these elections are not competitive for the opposition. Repression is the accumulation of state behaviors that target actors who challenge beliefs, institutions, and actions of the dictatorship. [6], The opposition to a dictatorship represents all of the factions that are not part of the dictatorship and anyone that does not support the regime. China - Communist Regime 4. Kim Jong-Il (1.6 million deaths) Kim Jong-il in 2010. ], Based on the regime binary classification idea proposed by Alvarez in 1996,[5] and the Democracy and Development (or DD measure, ACLP dataset) proposed by Przeworski et al. 1. Today, they are "elected," as true democracies helplessly look on . Dictatorships arise through violence or non-violent means, but they almost always result in the loss of liberties, corruption, and human rights abuses.

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