Though very high, these figures are representative of many other emirates of the Sokoto Caliphate, of which Adamawa formed a part. Based on this, the researchers suggest that the Fulani may have adopted a Niger-Congo language at some point in their history, while intermarrying with local populations. Formal and discrete social divisions were consequently imposed upon ambiguous biological distinctions. [12] A good number also carry West-Eurasian mtDNA lineages, particularly M1a, K1a; but also J1 and R0.[12][13]. The Fula people who later became known as the Toroobe worked with Berber and Arabian Islamic clerics, charting out the spread of Islam in West Africa. The Fulani people trace their origin far back one thousand years to the Senegambia region. Ngozi Fulani, 61, founded Sistah Space, the only domestic abuse charity in the UK that caters specifically for women and girls of African and Caribbean heritage. 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DeLancey's Fulbe studies bibliography, fulfulde social learning network fulfulde Nigeria, Online magazine published/edited in Fulfulde, Portal of Fule Fuuta Jaloo history and culture, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fula_people&oldid=1140538983, The Ghana Empire becomes the most important power in West Africa, The Fulbe migrate southwards and Eastwards from present-day Morocco and Mauritania, Islam gains a strong foothold in West Africa, Almoravids take over Morocco, Algeria, and part of, The Empire of Ghana starts to decline in influence and importance, An unprecedented resurgence of the Ghana Empire sees it reach its height, controlling vast areas of western Africa as well as Saharan trade routes in gold and salt, Empire and themselves set out on a road of conquest, they take its capital.